Poles point to the holes in the theory of black holes

The results of professors Marek Abramowicz, Włodzimierz Kluźniak and Jean-Pierre Lasota-Hirszowicz from the Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center PAS were published on Feb. 28 in the journal "Physical Review Letters ". The Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center PAS reported on the research in a release on the NCAC website.

Some theories have suggested that black holes are surrounded by firewalls that annihilate all observers who fall into the hole. However, Polish researchers have demonstrated that such firewalls can exist only around microscopic black holes with a mass less than the Planck mass (twenty micrograms), and not around more massive black holes.

The firewalls theory explained the paradox of information in black holes. This paradox results from the conflict between quantum mechanics that guarantees that (for pure states), no information is lost, and the general theory of relativity, which assumes the existence of black holes, in which information is lost forever.

For the last twenty years, scientists thought that this paradox can be resolved and expected that the information would come out of the black hole in the form of subtle correlations found in Hawking radiation. Recently it was indicated, however, that this explanation would lead to new problems and suggested the existence of firewalls around black holes.

"Hawking radiation emitted in the early stages of the black hole evolution would be quantum-mechanically entangled with the radiation emitted later. At the same time, it would also be entangled with radiation pouring into the black hole. As it turns out, an observer falling into a black hole would then have too much information" - report representatives of the Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center PAS.

Proposed solution to problem was untangling the states of radiation exiting the black hole and entering it. This in turn leads to formation, near the black hole horizon, of a firewall with a density equal to the Planck density, wherein the observer is annihilated.

Researchers from the Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center PAS calculated, however, that the existence of such firewalls in larger black holes would be inconsistent with Einstein\'s theory of gravity. This means that physicists should look for another explanation for the information paradox.

Details on the Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center PAS website: https://www.camk.edu.pl/archiwum/2014/02/26/einstein-guarantees-safe-passage-through-black-hole-horizon/

PAP - Science and Scholarship in Poland

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